隨著科技的進步,我們製造、使用了許多化學物質來提高生活便利性,不料有些化學物質會經由干擾內分泌危害健康,甚而禍及子代,因此引起國際衛生組織的高度關切。這類化學物質統稱為內分泌干擾物(Endocrine disruptor chemicals),但各衛生組織對其定義仍略有差異,亦因而影響轄下法規或策略的制定。大致上內分泌干擾物的定義可分三類:
第一類為世界衛生組織(WHO)、歐盟委員會環境總局(Environment Directorate General of the European Commission, EU)、日本環境省(Ministry of the Environment, Japan)所採用的廣泛定義
- 內分泌干擾物是改變內分泌系統功能,對個體、子代、或群體造成不良健康影響之外源性物質或混合物。
An endocrine disruptor is an exogenous substance or mixture that alters function(s) of the endocrine system and consequently causes adverse health effects in an intact organism, or its progeny, or (sub)populations.
參考資料:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/78102/1/WHO_HSE_PHE_IHE_2013.1_eng.pdf?ua=1
https://www.env.go.jp/chemi/end/endocrine/6site/index.html
第二類定義強調對發育、生殖、神經和免疫系統的負面影響
- 美國國家環境保護局( S. Environmental Protection Agency):
內分泌干擾物會干擾內分泌系統,其暴露可能對人類和野生動物造成不利的影響,包括:(1)畸形發育、(2)生殖障礙、(3)罹癌風險、(4)免疫和神經系統功能干擾。
Chemicals can interfere with the endocrine system and cause possible adverse effects in humans and wildlife. These effects can include: developmental malformations, interference with reproduction, increased cancer risk, and disturbances in the immune and nervous system function.
參考資料:
https://www.epa.gov/endocrine-disruption/what-endocrine-disruption
- 美國國家環境衛生科學研究所(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA):
內分泌干擾物可能干擾人類和野生動物體內分泌系統,產生不良發育、生殖、神經和免疫反應的化學物質。
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the body’s endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in both humans and wildlife.
參考資料:
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine
第三類定義著重干擾機制
- 美國食品藥物管理局(S. Food and Drug Administration):
內分泌干擾物是干擾內分泌系統導致不良反應的化學物質,有些化學物質乃經由與受體結合,尤其是與雌激素受體和雄性激素受體的結合,干擾內分泌功能。
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the endocrine systems, leading to adverse effects. Some chemicals do this by binding to receptors, such as the estrogen and androgen receptors.
參考資料:
https://www.fda.gov/science-research/bioinformatics-tools/endocrine-disruptor-knowledge-base-edkb
- 國際內分泌干擾交流協會TEDX(The Endocrine Disruption Exchange):
內分泌干擾物依其本身化學特性與作用之內分泌器官,以各種不同方式干擾荷爾蒙信號傳遞。
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with hormone signaling in a variety of ways depending on the chemical and the hormone system.
參考資料:http://endocrinedisruption.org/
- 國際內分泌學會主辦之荷爾蒙健康網(Endocrine Society/Hormone Health Network):
內分泌干擾物是存在於消費產品中,對內分泌系統有直接影響之人工合成物質,這些物質可阻斷或模仿荷爾蒙作用,干擾內分泌系統的功能。
EDCs are compounds and chemicals found in consumer products that have a direct impact on the endocrine system. These non-natural chemicals can block hormones, mimic the action of hormones, or interfere with the function of the endocrine system.參考資料:
http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals/hormones-and-edcs
- 中華民國衛生福利部食藥署根據美國環保署報告,對內分泌干擾物來源、作用及影響給予下述綜合性描述:
內分泌干擾物質又稱為「環境荷爾蒙」,是指干擾負責維持生物體內恆定、生殖、發育或行為的內生荷爾蒙之外來物質,影響荷爾蒙的合成、分泌、傳輸、結合、作用及排除。這些物質會由空氣、水、土壤、食物等途徑進入體內,對生物體產生類似荷爾蒙作用,干擾其內分泌系統之作用,進而影響生物個體的生長、發育、恆定的維持以及生殖等作用,甚至危及後代的健康。
參考資料:http://www.fda.gov.tw/TC/siteContent.aspx?sid=3817#.WNtauFV961s
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